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THANK YOU, HASHEM, FOR THE MIRACLES
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“The G-d of vengeance has appeared” (Psalm 94:1)
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The Land of Israel has been gifted to us by Hashem
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Syria:The collapse of the Assad regime, great opportunity, significant dangers
We send a hand of peace to all those beyond our border in Syria: to the Druze, to the Kurds, to the Christians, and to the Muslims who want to live in peace with Israel.
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Syria has fallen! Israel Attacks Syrian Military Assets.
⚓ Naval Operations: Israeli Navy missile ships struck 2 Syrian Navy facilities simultaneously: the Al-Bayda port and the Latakia port, where 15 Syrian naval vessels were docked. 🌊 Naval Targets: Dozens of sea-to-sea missiles with ranges of 80–190 km were destroyed. Each missile carried significant explosive payloads, posing threats to civilian and military maritime vessels in the area. ✈️ Air Force Operations: Manned aircraft flew hundreds of hours over Syrian airspace, conducting 350+ aerial strikes. 🎯 Targets Struck: A wide range of targets, including anti-aircraft batteries, Syrian Air Force airfields, and dozens of weapons production sites in Damascus, Homs, Tartus, Latakia, and Palmyra. ❌ Assets Neutralized: Numerous strategic assets, including Scud missiles, cruise missiles, surface-to-sea, surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles, UAVs, fighter jets, attack helicopters, radars, tanks, hangars, and more. 🪖 Ground Operations: The IDF conducted air strikes on 130 assets in Syria, including weapons depots, military structures, launchers, and firing positions. 🎥This footage is from the perspective of the munitions that were sent to strike these targets.
The Israeli Air Force describes one of the heaviest attack days in Syria since the Yom Kippur War. Dozens of aircraft carried out nearly 100 strikes against Syrian army targets in rapid succession, focusing primarily on weapons, Assad’s Air Force, including aircraft.
Israel destroying chemical weapons plants in Syria
IDF strikes on a Assad weapons warehouse last night
Insane footage of IDF strikes on a Assad weapons warehouse last night.
Israel obliterated Syria’s remaining chemical weapons stockpile, air-defense systems, and air force
And approximately $20 billion worth of Iranian supplied weapons ![]() JoeHoo-tweet-9December2024-Israel obliterated Syria chemical weapons stockpile air-defense systems and air force
Strategic masterstroke by Israel
Israeli hamantashen destroys Syrian MIG-29 Fleet
*had💥 There are none left.
Israel is destroying Assad’s navy
Israel keeps the world safe.
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![]() Time to rethink the borders of the Middle East mapby Eric R. Mandel, opinion contributor – 12/27/24 1:30 PM ET https://thehill.com/opinion/5057286-middle-east-artificial-nations/
Most Americans are unaware that today’s Middle East is an artificial construct created by British and French diplomats (Sykes and Picot) after World War I to advance their empires’ economic and political interests. They carved up the Middle East map with the stroke of a pen, and we have lived with the consequences ever since.
The San Remo Conference in 1920 codified colonial interests out of the remains of the defunct Ottoman Empire. Ethnic, religious and topographical considerations were ignored or minimized.
Now, just over a hundred years later, we are at another crossroads in the aftermath of the collapse of Syria, one of the Western-created nation-states. Many wars have been fought to keep these artificial states together, but they have more compelling reasons to be divided than to stay whole. As Conrad Black wrote in Brussels Signal, “The collapse of the Assad government in Syria must rank as the final unflattering death knell of the attempts at nation-building by the victorious Allied leaders at the end of World War I.”
Is 2025 the year we finally are ready to acknowledge the harm of jamming together religious and tribal groups who hate each other? The multi-ethnic state model works in the United States because Americans desire it. The world may not be ready to redraw the boundaries of the Middle East but it should not be under the false illusion that ignoring the false divisions will lead to fewer cycles of persecution, torture, religious extremism and authoritarian rule.
Syria, today’s shiny coin for international attention, is another mock nation imagined by the Brits and French. For the last 44 years, it was ruthlessly ruled by an Alawite minority led by the Assad family, who persecuted the majority Sunni population.
Unfortunately, the Syrian uprising in 2024 is led by Sunni jihadists funded by the ascendent Muslim Brotherhood (MB) Turkish President Recep Erdogan and his Qatari partners. Erdogan’s goal is the resurrection of the Ottoman empire and acquiescence to Turkish hegemony in the Muslim Middle East. The Muslim Brotherhood is the ideological bedrock of political Islamism and radical jihadism, which ranges from Hamas to al Qaeda to HTS (Tahrir al-Sham), the latter the most likely group to dominate Syria in 2025 and beyond.
HTS’ leader, Abu Mohammed al-Golani, appears to have learned the lessons of past jihadist confrontations with Westerners and will be patient to gain their misplaced trust. He knows if he says the words they want to hear — democracy, freedom of religion, tolerance, respect for human rights — they will offer tens of billions of dollars for reconstruction of his war-torn nation. America and the West are happy to be fooled over and over again.
Logic says Syria could be divided into an autonomous America-aligned Kurdish region, a small Alawite region on the Mediterranean Coast, and, unfortunately, a Turkish-dominated Sunni jihadist entity in the rest of the rump nation. Most of the Christian population has been chased away and exiled out of fear of persecution. Syrian Druze may prefer to join their families on the Israeli side of the Golan.
Despite the optimism of the Syrian people captured in American media, Syria today feels more like the early excitement of the Arab Spring (2011), which quickly turned into an Arab Winter of repression.
Iraq, another artificial nation, was created with British commerce and dominance in mind. The colonial powers installed a king not indigenous to Iraq as compensation for broken British and French promises. The Hashemites were given newly created monarchies in Iraq and Jordan. The Iraqi king was deposed in the 1950s, but the multi-ethnic and sectarian divided nation remained intact.
From 1979-2003, Iraq was ruled by the tyrant Saddam Hussein, who persecuted the majority population until the U.S. invasion, which led to cycles of vengeance and war without America doing what was most needed, creating three states in Iraq. The Kurds in the north, the Shiites in the south, and the Sunni majority in the center would form states roughly along ethnic and traditional lines. The Kurds, an indigenous people who were promised their own country, were betrayed by the European powers. Today, they are persecuted in Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.
The Iranian-dominated nation of Iraq will keep oppressing its minorities until the Iranian empire of evil next door is overthrown by the Iranian people, something that should be an American foreign policy goal, stated publicly, supported with aid where possible, but not backed by U.S. troops on the ground.
Which brings us back to how this all happened. Skyes and Picot redrew the Middle East according to colonial desires while ignoring the profound differences in religion, culture, clan and territory that had been in place for centuries, spawning a century of strife and persecution.
So many of the promises were broken, leaving a bad taste in the mouths of Middle Eastern peoples with long memories. The ancient and indigenous Jewish people were promised, as the lines were being drawn by the colonial powers, an area from the Mediterranean through today’s Jordan, which was whittled down to less than 20 percent of what was pledged.
Yet, Israel could be a model for nation-states in the Levant because it was created for a people of shared history, tradition, indigeneity and religion. Unfortunately, unlike their Muslim neighbors, only they can give full rights to their minority citizens, because they adopted a Western-style democracy. This does not negate the possibility of autonomy for the Palestinians unless their lodestar remains the elimination of the Jewish State.
In Jordan, the Brits installed a Hashemite king from the Arabian Peninsula, but his monarchy is not indigenous to the Levant. Lebanon, another artificial construct, was initially supposed to be Christian-dominated in alliance with France, but is now a failed state due to demographic changes that led to a Shiite plurality allied with the hegemonic Islamic Republic of Iran.
Lebanon, too, should be divided, but the international and Western powers are blinded by their misconceived historical perspective, thinking that Lebanon, Syria and Iraq are millennial old nations, where in fact, they are less than a century old.
None of this is optimal, but this is the hand the region has been dealt. The Middle East has been such a basket case for so long that perhaps a newly reimagined region based on ethnic and religious realities is needed to reverse the damage colonial interests created a hundred years ago.
In America, the foreign policy pendulum has swung to the isolationist side, which risks missing an opportunity to advance our regional interests. We can learn from the mistakes of nation-building in Iraq while working with the people of the region who want to be our allies. This is a path forward for U.S. foreign policy.
Those Syrian rebel enthusiasts would be wise to listen to the lyrics of the rock band The Who, “Meet the new boss, same as the old boss.” Under a new administration, America should help the Middle East learn to sing a new tune.
Eric R. Mandel is the director of the Middle East Political Information Network and senior security editor for the Jerusalem Post’s Jerusalem Report.
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Islamic terrorists are capturing and torturing Christians in Syria
Islamic terrorists are capturing and torturing Christians in Syria.
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The Syrian Druze of Mt. Hermon request officially to be annexed to Israel
![]() Deνiουs-tweet-13December2024-The Syrian Druze of Mt Hermon request officially to be annexed to Israel
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Let’s compare how much Syrian territory Israel controls with how much Turkey illegally occupiesElder of Ziyon 10December2024
Lots of antisemites are looking at Israel going into the former buffer zone in Syria to help defend Israel from any threats. They are saying that this is evidence of the “greater Israel” plan, of Israel’s ast expansionist desires to eventually control the entire region from the Nile to the Euphrates.
Let’s look at how much land Israel is now occupying. (Most maps from Critical Threats.)
It is the little patch of blue next to the much larger Golan Heights.
Now let’s zoom out and look at who is controlling all of Syria today.<
You can hardly see the blue area.
But look at the light yellow areas in northern Syria.
Those are controlled by the “Syrian National Army.” The SNA is a Turkish proxy – essentially, Turkey’s “Hezbollah.” It is funded by Turkey, armed by Turkey and all of its military decisions are made by Turkey.
Turkey controls 22 times the area Israel controls – 8,835 square kilometers.
And the Turkish presence is not only in the yellow sections. As of 2021, one think-tank counted 113 Turkish military bases and outposts in Syria: within 5 governorates: 55 in Aleppo, 43 in Idlib, 9 in Raqqa, 4 in Al-Hasaka and 2 in Lattakia.
Unlike the Russian and Iranian bases in Syria, the Turkish bases are in no danger of being taken over by the rebels.
This has been going on for many years, and there are probably fewer articles about Turkish occupation of vast parts of Syria in the past decade than on Israel taking over tiny parts of Syria in the past couple of days.
But that is not the only thing that Western media has been downplaying about these areas.
Turkey considers a 20-30 km wide swatch of Syrian territory along its borders to be a “safe zone” – which is a buffer zone that it controls or intends to control. And within that zone are illegal settlements.
You see, Turkey has been expelling hundreds of thousands of Kurds from these territories – building settlements, and forcibly populating them with Sunni Muslim Syrian refugees who fled to Turkey. They are changing the demography of the area with settlements that almost no one talks about.
Turkey’s policy of occupation, ethnic cleansing and settlement enterprise in parts of Syria violates international law. Almost no one discusses this and European governments, fearful of Turkish reactions and threats to send millions of refugees their way, are reluctant to emphasize this – but no one outside Turkey disputes this.
How many Syrians has Israel displaced? From all accounts – zero.
Here is a great example where the main story is true – Israel did indeed take over 400 square kilometers of Syrian territory, as a temporary measure until there is a dependable government or other arrangements that can guarantee Israel’s security. But when you compare that to the entire size of Syria and the amount of land controlled by other foreign nations, the real story turns out to be the one that everyone is ignoring.
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433 days ago, Israel found itself in its darkest hour
Middle East Report / Friday, December 13 “War does not determine who is right, only who is left.” 🔺 433 days ago, Israel found itself in its darkest hour. The horrible slaughter of Israelis on #October7Massacre broke the hearts of Jews and many others around the world, but also shattered the dreams of ever sharing the land peacefully with the #Palestinians. 433 days later, after facing tremendous challenges on every possible front, I believe there is one clear victor. You don’t have to be religious to realize that the prayer for the IDF soldiers was true: “For it is the Lord your God, Who goes with you to battle your enemies for you to save you.” Events of Biblical scale are happening before our eyes as the Jews rise from the ashes to smite their enemies. #Iran, the master of the evil ring of fire around Israel, as well as #Hamas and #Hezbollah, underestimated Israel’s ability to sustain the losses and keep fighting for 14 months. Hamas was minimized to the area of Khan Yunis. Hezbollah teased Israel for 11 months, then was struck with plagues it never imagined. And only a week ago did we witness the collapse of the Iranian-supporting regime in #Syria. A years civil war that lingered for 13 years ended with a blitz that took 11 days only, and old Syria was gone. 🔺 Never forget that Biden’s administration wanted to stop Israel from fighting for its life and survival. So many tease me that Israel is nothing without the US. In reality, it’s the opposite. Without the US the war would take 2 months, not 14. 40,000 Palestinians could still be alive, most of Gaza would be standing and the Israeli hostages would be home long ago. 🔺 All eyes on Syria now. On the range between losers and winners, #Turkey is certainly on the winning side. Turkey aided and supported the rebels and now Syria is hers. It can keep annexing the huge “buffer zone” that it created inside Syria along their shared border, by that have better access to the Kurds that it hates so much. The Syrian people on the other hand are facing very challenging times. The Alawites are trying to escape into Lebanon or flee to other countries. What will be the fate of those who can’t run away? The #Kurds are holding the eastern side of Syria, after retreating from other, central, areas, but it’s still quite a large portion of the country. The Kurds are supported by the US and under the radar they are in close ties with Israel. Can Syria be run in peace and harmony as a single state with these groups working together singing Kumbaya? I highly doubt it, certainly when one of the groups is led by radical Islam. The best solution (which should have been enforced right after WWI) is to create 3 states or cantons – Muslim, Kurdish and Druze. Let each have an autonomy in his area, and Israel could finally enjoy a friendly non-Arab neighbor on its border for the first time in 76 years. Just imagine. An amazing story came out today from the #Druze villages along the #Golan border. Druze leaders of 6 villages near the Israeli border, joined together and called Israel to annex them to the Golan. They’d rather live as Israelis than put their faith in the hands of the rebels. As I said earlier, we are seeing tectonic plates moving in the Middle East, all thanks to Israel’s insistence to keep fighting till victory. The largest Druze concentration is located south of Damascus and close to Jordan, in a mountainous area called Mount Druze (Jabel al-Duruz). The video that was released today puts the Druze in clear danger – Israel, Jordan and the US must help keep them safe. 🔺 And now Israel, finally enjoying an Iran-free Syria. Once the picture became clearer, Israel knew it had a once in a lifetime opportunity to get rid of one of its greatest threats. On Sunday, when the news of the rebels entering Damascus arrived, Israel set out to one of its largest air campaigns ever – to destroy the Syrian army before anyone will put his hands on the weapons. According to the IDF’s estimations, 86% of Syria’s air defense systems were destroyed. This practically gives the IAF freedom to fly without interruption above Syria (till recently one of the densest place on earth missile-wise) all the way… you guessed it… to Iran. 90% of the MIG-29 fighters, 80 of the Sukhoy-24, air defense systems, most of the Syrian navy, suspected locations of chemical weapons, intelligence bases, research and manufacturing sites and much more. Huge Iranian investment went up in flames in a matter of days. It was a battle in the presence of one side only, zero Syrian resistance, which will cripple Syria’s ability to threaten Israel in the next decade. Another step that Israel took is to take control of the buffer zone on the border. The armistice agreement (1974) after the Yom Kippur war included a demilitarized buffer zone guarded by UNDOF. These are the yellow lines you see in the map. As the rebels advanced south, they attacked a UN post in the buffer and Israeli forces went in to help. The Syrian army abandoned its posts and ran away, against the 1974 agreement, and the IDF filled the gap. 🔺 As the negotiations for a ceasefire in Gaza are gearing up, Israeli defense minister said “the war will not be over as long as there’s even one hostage in Gaza.” 🔺 Last October, the Israeli Knesset passed a law with an astonishingly large majority (92:10, and against an American objection) that will forbid any #UNRWA activity in Israel. According to the new law, passed 59 years too late, UNRWA will not have any representation in Israel, nor supply any service or hold any operation on Israeli territory, directly or indirectly. All it’s activities in East Jerusalem will be stopped and Israel will take over. The law will take affect on January 28. Philippe Lazzarini, Commissioner-General of UNRWA, and many countries objected to the Israeli step. Lazzarini threatened UNRWA will have to stop its activities when the law kicks in. The workers in the West Jerusalem HQ already got their termination letters. Hallelujah. 🔺 In the meantime, Israel keeps hunting the participants of the Oct 7 invasion. Just like after the 1972 Olympics massacre, when Israel tracked and killed each and every terrorist who was part of the plan, the same happens now with a special Shin Bet team working 24/7 to bring justice to the Israeli victims. Every one who crossed the border that day knows by now that there’s a cross on his back. Time to say goodbye. *************************************
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ISRAEL AT WAR 5785: Time and Again
No more Israeli pussyfooting around
By Walter E. Block & Peloni 26January2025 https://www.israpundit.org/no-more-israeli-pussyfooting-around/
It is time for Israel to get serious. No, it is way past the time for the only Jewish state on the planet to flex its muscles, just a little bit.
How about this message to Hamas: take care of those hostages. For every one not returned at all, or only their dead bodies returned, we will execute 10 Hamas prisoners now in Israeli jails. Where did we get that 10 to 1 ratio? It is a nice round number. But this will not apply to any and all Hamas members who are now guests of the Israeli prison system: it will pertain only to those convicted of murder. We do not want to lower Israel standards to the barbaric level occupied by its enemies.
The Irgun was not afraid to execute two British soldiers. This heroic organization announced that hanging its fighters would result in the subsequent identical treatment of British soldiers. The Jews Avshalom Haviv, Yaakov Weiss, and Meir Nakar were executed on July 29, 1947 by the imperialist army of the United Kingdom. Subsequently, the British Sergeants Clifford Martin and Mervyn Paice were treated in the same manner.
But we need not wait for any hostages who would not be returned, alive. Six of them have already been brutally executed. RIP: Hersh Goldberg-Polin, Ori Danino and Eden Yerushalmi, Almog Sarusi, Alexander Lobanov and Carmel Gat. Two of them were young women. We need more Irgun, Stern and Hagenah spirit to respond than has so far been forthcoming.
Should Israel respond to Hamas in kind? Of course not. It adheres to a higher, standard: do not kill, rape, innocent people, even though the enemy does just that. Is there nothing then that Israel can do in response to Arab atrocities such as Oct 7? There is indeed something. Israel has almost 10,000 prisoners. Many have already been convicted of crimes, most of them registering high up in the heinous scale. Israel could send out a message to Hamas: be very careful about those hostages you have seized. There will be serious repercussions.
If you kidnap someone, and he dies while under your custody, are you or are you not guilty of murder? Of course you are. That is just negligence. Putting bullets in the bodies of six hostages is far more serious than mere carelessness and neglect. It is much higher on the scale of despicability. It should be met with the utmost severity.
We need more Irgun, Stern (Lehi), Hagenah, and less Knesset.
But wait. If Israel engages in any such activity, it will be met by a harsh condemnation from the UN. The students at Harvard, Columbia, Stanford and other US universities will riot. Dearborn Michigan will be in a snit. The ICC will denounce the only civilized country in the Middle East. Fair weather friends of Israel the world over will deplore such action. And this is to say nothing of the Arab “street.” Those people will have apoplexy. Maybe an unforgiving reaction to the brutal murder of six hostages should not be undertaken?
Hogwash! Nonsense! Israel must recognize that in many regards, it is on its own. It is alone. It cannot rely on anyone else to save it. It must employ the stick, not the carrot.
On the other hand, the Knesset did just fine, very fine indeed, on June 7, 1981, in an operation called Operation Opera. That was the date upon which Israel bombed Iraq’s Osiraq nuclear reactors. It did so with sorties engaged in by F-15 and F-16 aircraft. Is Jerusalem to follow upon this important, no, magnificent initiative, with a complete absence of addressing Iran’s nuclear development? So far, no movement in this direction. Let’s get cracking!
Of course, President Biden (he is still the leader of the free world, God help us) has objected to Israeli destruction of Iranian nuclear facilities. He fears “escalation” if this occurs. Well, let me tell him a little secret: that “escalation” will be as nothing compared to the situation if and when Iran goes nuclear. They, probably, presumably, likely, God forbid, will be the second country in all of human history to use such a weapon in a war. Then, when Israel retaliates, there will be no more Iran. That is the type of escalation that can be avoided if Israel does to Iran what it did to Iraq, the views of Biden – Harris to the contrary notwithstanding.
And what’s with it that so many IDF soldiers have died, unnecessarily, while protecting Gazan civilians. No other army on the planet is so concerned with enemy civilians that they are willing to sacrifice their own soldiers. So far, 329 have perished. It is impossible to say how many have needlessly perished for this reason, but common sense would indicate that it is more than just a few. Let us be a little bit, ok, ok, a lot more, cautious about spilling IDF blood. Indeed, a policy of equitable remedy and retribution must be employed when dealing with the ongoing terror wars waged against an innocent Israeli public, and yet the question arises as to what sort of remedy might curb the murderous focus of the terror hordes such as Hamas.
Notably, Begin was ill at ease when executing the two young British officers, but recognized that the execution of the British soldiers would forestall further acts of imperial tyranny under the guise of British justice as was visited upon Haviv, Weiss and Nakar.
Notably, a similar action taken against Hamas would hardly be expected to bear similar fruit given the death cult aspect of the terrorists ideology which holds at its most basic core a sense of victory with every Gazan who is killed by an Israeli, as it benefits their Jihadi cause at no perceivable cost to them or their ideology. The permanent loss of land, surrendered in a war of conquest as initiated by their own acts of barbarism, would however represent a significant price which would chastise and horrify the perpetrators of October 7. Indeed, the loss of territory is a sin perceived to be of such significance that the terror hordes, like the British with their executed soldiers, would respond in accordance with Israeli interests. So, capturing, annexing, and settling former lands considered to be Hamastan would have the effect of deterrence upon the radical Islamists which Begin gained with the British executions…which is why this, rather than bartering 30 terrorists for a single Israeli, is how negotiations with Hamas should have proceeded.
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Gaza gose BOOM
REAL JEW-tweet-5February2025-Bye-bye, Gaza
REAL JEW-tweet-5February2025-Bye-bye Gaza
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BACKGROUND: What Israel has to deal with. Mein Kampf
Elder of Ziyon-tweet-4February2025-What Israel has to deal with-Mein Kampf
Elder of Ziyon-tweet-4February2025-What Israel has to deal with-Mein Kampf
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We lost 2,977 innocent Americans on 9/11. This is how Palestinians reacted!
ProudArmyBrat-tweet-9March2024-September 11th This is how Palestinians reacted
We lost 2,977 innocent Americans on 9/11. This is how Palestinians reacted!
ProudArmyBrat-tweet-9March2024-September 11th This is how Palestinians reacted
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US Department of Justice Joint Task Force October 7
Jews Fight Back-tweet-9February2025-US Department of Justice Joint Task Force October 7
🚨 IT’S HAPPENING. THE DOJ JUST DECLARED WAR ON HAMAS—AND THEIR FOOT SOLDIERS IN THE U.S.
This isn’t just some bureaucratic memo. This is the United States Department of Justice officially launching a full-scale crackdown on Hamas and their enablers—here and abroad. The new Joint Task Force October 7 (JTF 10-7) has one mission: Hunt down, prosecute, and annihilate every piece of filth responsible for the October 7th massacre, their funders, and their counterparts.
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
🔥 Criminal charges, including capital punishment, for the October 7 terrorists
🔥 Arrest & extradition of Hamas leaders hiding in luxury abroad
🔥 Tracking & prosecuting every American-based entity funding Hamas
🔥 JAIL TIME for the Hamas networks on U.S. soil—especially on college campuses
Every single one of these sick freaks chanting for intifada, tearing down hostage posters, blocking Jewish students, and screaming for the annihilation of Israel? You’re not just protesting. You’re part of a terror network. And now, the U.S. government is treating you like it.
The FBI, U.S. Attorneys, the Treasury, and Homeland Security are ALL mobilizing. The feds are going to go after foreign bank accounts, track every dollar funneled to Hamas, and legally obliterate the terror pipeline.
If you thought you could openly call for another October 7th, fund Hamas, or harass Jews in broad daylight with zero consequences—
THINK AGAIN.
The DOJ just put every last one of you on notice. YOU WILL BE INVESTIGATED. YOU WILL BE CHARGED. AND YOU WILL PAY.
Jews Fight Back-tweet-9February2025-US Department of Justice Joint Task Force October 7
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At USAID, Funding for Terror-Tied Groups and Internal Hostility Toward Israel Goes Back Years
One former State Department official described ‘a lack of embarrassment among some USAID staffers about being associated with terrorist organizations’
L:USAID Administrator Samantha Power (Alex Wong/Getty Images) R: Hamas militants (Chris McGrath/Getty Images)
Adam Kredo
10February2025 https://freebeacon.com/israel/at-usaid-funding-for-terror-tied-groups-and-internal-hostility-toward-israel-goes-back-years/
As the Trump administration works to shutter the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), current and former U.S. officials who worked closely with the embattled aid group say they watched for years as it funneled millions of dollars to anti-Israel advocacy groups and entities linked to terrorism.
That funding caused internal friction across multiple administrations, according to those who spoke with the Washington Free Beacon. In some cases, USAID fought to conceal how taxpayer funds were spent. And when it came to Israel, officials recalled battling USAID over funding for groups that worked to undermine the Jewish state or maintained ties to terror organizations.
“For those who believe in a strong U.S.-Israel relationship, elements of USAID have been problematic for years,” said one former State Department official who worked with USAID during the Biden administration. “There was even a lack of embarrassment among some USAID staffers about being associated with terrorist organizations.”
Some of the terror-tied funding initiatives are publicly known. In November 2022, for instance, USAID awarded $100,000 to a Palestinian activist group whose leaders hailed the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a designated terror group. Just six days before Hamas’s Oct. 7 assault on Israel, USAID handed $900,000 “to a terror charity in Gaza involved with the son of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh.”
USAID’s hostilities toward the Jewish state, however, ran deeper than the agency’s grantmaking.
Under Samantha Power, former president Joe Biden’s pick to run USAID, agency officials fought pro-Israel policymaking at the State Department, often urging their colleagues at Foggy Bottom to pare down statements that praised the Jewish state, former officials said. In 2021, during a period of conflict with Hamas, Power herself refused to meet with Israel’s ambassador unless Israel reached a ceasefire with the Iran-backed terror group. The decision put Power at odds with the White House National Security Council, which had signed off on the meeting, emails obtained by the Free Beacon show.
Years later, in September, Power’s USAID accused Israel of deliberately blocking Gazan aid deliveries, which Hamas is known to steal for its own use and for black market sales that fund its terror activities. USAID staffers went as far as to urge the Biden State Department to end military aid to Israel. Former secretary of state Antony Blinken rejected the request.
“They weren’t even in line with some of the Biden administration’s policies,” the State Department official who worked under Biden and Blinken told the Free Beacon. “It’s more than just problematic grants to anti-Israel organizations. It’s also their role in the internal approval processes and statements within the administration. There’s an entire bureaucratic process they’re a part of. They carry out their obstructionist ideology on that front as well.”
The rogue nature of USAID under Power has motivated the Trump administration’s push to dismantle the agency. During his recent trip to El Salvador, Secretary of State Marco Rubio described a longstanding “frustration” with the agency, which he called “completely unresponsive.” The “level of insubordination,” Rubio said, “makes it impossible to conduct a sort of mature and serious review that I think foreign aid writ large should have.”
Federal investigations lend credence to that assessment. A January memo from inspector general Paul Martin, for example, noted that the agency “does not maintain a comprehensive internal database of subawardees.” In other words, the foreign entities that work with a primary grantee on a USAID project often go unreported, impeding the ability of agency investigators to vet “fraud allegations,” according to the memo.
Such allegations often include the diversion of taxpayer-funded aid to terrorist organizations. In a November report, for example, Martin “identified deliberate interference and efforts to divert humanitarian assistance” by foreign terrorist organizations, including “systemic coercion of aid workers by FTOs” and “FTO influence over beneficiary selection.”
Those diversion efforts are particularly pronounced in Hamas-controlled Gaza.
A February report from the Middle East Forum think tank found that USAID had awarded “millions of federal dollars” to “organizations directly in Gaza controlled by Hamas.” In one Biden-era case, USAID funded an “educational and community center in Gaza” controlled by a local group called the Unlimited Friends Association. The association openly collaborated with Hamas, inviting the terror group’s officials to its office and boasting of U.S.-funded projects in Hamas-controlled newspapers. In 2021, its director called for Jerusalem to be cleansed “from the impurity of the Jews.”
A separate report, released in January by Israeli research organization NGO Monitor, outlined millions in USAID funding for two nonprofits—Mercy Corps and American Near East Refugee Aid—that “have closely coordinated with a Gaza-based ministry, run by a senior Hamas official identified by the U.S. Treasury Department as previously responsible for part of Hamas’ smuggling operation.”
When it resumed funding for the Palestinians in 2021, the Biden State Department issued an internal warning that there was a “high risk” Hamas would steal U.S. aid. But information about terror-tied grant recipients in Gaza and elsewhere came mostly from watchdog groups. When members of Congress pressed USAID on those grants, they were often obstructed.
In a letter sent to Rubio last week, Sen. Joni Ernst (R., Iowa) detailed USAID’s “willful sabotage of congressional oversight.” The agency, she wrote, falsely claimed that certain grants were classified in a “desperate attempt to limit congressional oversight of public information.”
Sen. Ted Cruz (R., Texas) described similar interactions with USAID staffers. In some cases, he told the Free Beacon, USAID “refused to disclose what groups were getting money and gave tens of millions in American cash to be distributed without American supervision.”
“Before and after Oct. 7, USAID flowed uncountable hundreds of millions of dollars toward Hamas that enabled it to launch the attack and keep battling Israel afterwards,” Cruz said. “The full story of USAID funding Hamas is vast and much of it was done in secret.”
U.S. officials involved in foreign policy emphasized in interviews with the Free Beacon that, despite its many issues, USAID does fund essential work providing medicine and other lifesaving aid. Rubio has made similar statements, expressing his desire to continue funding programs “providing food or medicine or anything that is saving lives and is immediate and urgent.”
Over time, however, “more and more money flowed to groups and organizations whose work is contrary to the interests of the United States,” one official who has worked closely with USAID across multiple administrations told the Free Beacon. “How bad it got is finally coming to light and there is finally transparency.”
The Trump administration plans to scale back the agency by dissolving it and placing its core functions within the State Department, where roughly 600 current USAID staffers would work. The agency employed some 10,000 staffers when President Donald Trump took office last month.
The overwhelming majority of those staffers were set to go on leave by midnight Saturday. A federal judge blocked the action until Feb. 14, though the decision is temporary and the case is expected to go to the Supreme Court. Democratic lawmakers have vehemently opposed the cuts, arguing that they endanger millions of vulnerable people across the globe.
“People can quibble about this or that,” the current U.S. official said of the Democratic attention surrounding USAID. “But let’s not make the perfect the enemy of the good. This is long overdue.”
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https://www.fdd.org/
Trump Vows to Deport Hamas-Supporting Students, Combat Antisemitism in America With Executive Order
30January2025 | Flash Brief https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2025/01/30/trump-vows-to-deport-hamas-supporting-students-combat-antisemitism-in-america-with-executive-order/
Latest Developments
FDD Expert Response
“Foreign supporters of Hamas and other designated foreign terrorist organizations do not have a right to a visa to enter the United States, and they should not be allowed to deprive the civil rights of Americans while they’re here. This is an important concrete step toward countering malign foreign influence in higher education, which should be followed with additional moves to investigate and disrupt Hamas front groups and networks providing material support to campus violence.” — Richard Goldberg, Senior Advisor
“Actions have consequences. The Trump administration is sending that message loud and clear to the disrupters who turned the quads on our nation’s university campuses into orgies of antisemitism. Jewish students are finally getting the protection they deserve.” — David May, Research Manager and Senior Research Analyst
“President Trump’s executive order is common sense policy. Those living on visas in America, taking advantage of its great education system while praising terrorists dedicated to the country’s destruction, must go. The Trump administration is taking a necessary step in combatting not only antisemitism but also foreign-inspired violent extremism.” — Aaron Goren, Research Analyst and Editor
FDD Background and Analysis
“‘Student Intifada’: FBI Arrests George Mason Student Plotting Mass Casualty Attack on NYC Israeli Consulate,” FDD Flash Brief
“College Presidents Are Losing the Battle against Campus Antisemitism,” by Bonnie Glick
“Anti-Defamation League Report Card Grades 85 Universities’ Records on Antisemitism,” by Antonette Bowman<
“The Campus Antisemite’s Secret Weapon,” by Antonette Bowman
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New polling shows Britain’s failure to protect its Jews
27January2025 https://antisemitism.org/new-polling-shows-britains-failure-to-protect-its-jews/
We Don’t Hate Jews Yellow Vest
New polling of British Jews by Campaign Against Antisemitism has revealed a number of alarming insights.
The study covers how secure British Jews feel, their views on the criminal justice system and Met Commissioner Sir Mark Rowley, where they believe threats are, their assessment of political parties and the Mayors of London and Manchester on antisemitism, their views on the BBC and universities, and more.
Being Jewish in Britain
Extremism
Policing and prosecutions
Politics
Arts and Media
Proscriptions
Universities and education
Rhetoric
Representation
Full results of the survey can be accessed here.
A spokesperson for Campaign Against Antisemitism said: “As we reflect today on historic antisemitism, as a society we also have to ask ourselves: why are we doing so little about antisemitism right here, right now? The truth is that Britain and the authorities are failing the Jewish community. These figures paint a sobering picture of the lives of British Jews and their future.
“British Jews have lost trust in the criminal justice system in general, which they do not feel is protecting them, and in the Met Commissioner Sir Mark Rowley in particular, after he has presided over the worst surge in antisemitism in living memory, opting for excuses over action and gaslighting those who call him out. It is time for arrests and a ban on the anti-Israel marches.
“From politics to the BBC to universities, the Jewish community sees betrayal across our civil and cultural institutions. The cumulative result is that less than half of British Jews feel welcome in the UK. Antisemitism has become our nation’s great shame, and time is running out.”
Fieldwork
Fieldwork was conducted between 3rd and 11th June 2024. In total, 4,078 responses were obtained.
Methodology
Our surveys of British Jews were modelled on the National Jewish Community Survey (NJCS) conducted by the Institute for Jewish Policy research. In common with the NJCS, the samples were self-selecting, and respondents were required to self-identify as Jewish and confirm that they lived in the United Kingdom. Like the NJCS, they were contacted primarily through ‘seed’ organisations, including religious bodies, Jewish online networks (including targeted advertising on social networks), and community welfare organisations, among others. In common with the NJCS, the seed organisations were used to initiate a ‘snowballing’ process which, in effect, created a non-probability convenience sample. It was not possible to use a random probability sampling approach for this study because a suitable sampling frame for the Jewish population is not available in the UK. Fieldwork was conducted between 3rd and 11th June 2024. In total, 4,078 responses were obtained. As is the case with the NJCS, the number of unique respondents contacted cannot be determined due to the likely overlap between different ‘seed’ organisations’ supporter bases, thus we cannot estimate the survey response rate.
A key issue with an online survey is to ensure that respondents are not counted twice. To avoid this and other abuses that might affect the survey’s integrity, several measures were implemented. These included: carefully monitoring responses for unusual trends during the fieldwork phase, and assessing the completed dataset for the presence of extreme or unrealistic values (i.e. outlier diagnostics) and for the presence of unlikely combinations of values across variables (i.e. logical checks).Additionally, cookies were used to avoid respondents completing the survey more than once. Finally, respondents’ IP addresses were logged so that if a respondent deleted their cookies, multiple responses from the same IP address could still be identified. As a result, duplicate responses were kept to a minimum and ultimately, removed from the sample.
Our survey is modelled on best practice established by NJCS. All surveys have their shortcomings, and ours shares the shortcomings of NJCS. Even surveys that are based on probability sampling are typically affected by high levels of non- response. Surveys of populations lacking sampling frames, such as this one, are particularly challenging, as is establishing their representativeness. Nevertheless, because we have extremely high-quality baseline statistics available in the UK, it is possible to both accurately weight the data and make reasonable assumptions about where they may depart from the ‘true’ picture. In general, the survey samples reflect the diverse character of Jewish respondents in the UK across geographical, demographic and religious variables. Where the sample does depart from baseline characteristics, responses were weighted for location, gender, age and religious affiliation. Population estimates were based on responses to the 2021 Census in England and Wales and the 2022 Census in Scotland where that data is available, and otherwise on responses to the 2011 Census, and size estimates with regard to religious denominations were based on the NCJS 2013. The weights were calculated using random iterative method weighting by an external consultant.
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The Truth behind Gaza (Hamas) Ministry of Health Reports-October 2024
Hillel Fuld-tweet-22December2024-Truth behind Gaza Hamas Ministry of Health Reports-October 2024
The inconvenient truth no one will tell you.
Hillel Fuld-tweet-22December2024-Truth behind Gaza Hamas Ministry of Health Reports-October 2024
The Truth behind Gaza (Hamas) Ministry of Health Reports-October 2024
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Universities manufacture Woke Activists
Universities manufacture Woke Activists
The Rabbit Hole-tweet-29January2025-Universities manufacture Woke Activists
Universities manufacture Woke Activists
The Rabbit Hole-tweet-29January2025-Universities manufacture Woke Activists
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Masks no longer work!
Terror Watch Agency-tweet-10February2025-Masks no longer work
Say good bye to getting away with terror, violence, anarchy, and hate, and welcome with us the age of poetic justice and repercussions! Masks no longer work! DETAILS IN THE COMMENT THREAD!
@StopAntisemites
@JewsFightBack
@Betar_USA
@ShirionOrg
@canarymission
@NYPDHateCrimes
@ICEgov
Terror Watch Agency-tweet-10February2025-Masks no longer work
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Newsweek’s Pseudo-Academic Analysis on Gaza Masks Disinformation and Lies
When media outlets interview academic experts, news consumers deserve an in-depth analysis. But Newsweek’s attempt to do so this week, in a piece titled “Israel-Hamas war: What it Will Take to Rebuild Gaza,” is not…
Rinat Harash
19January2025 https://honestreporting.com/newsweeks-pseudo-academic-analysis-on-gaza-masks-disinformation-and-lies/
When media outlets interview academic experts, news consumers deserve an in-depth analysis. But Newsweek’s attempt to do so this week, in a piece titled “Israel-Hamas war: What it Will Take to Rebuild Gaza,” is not only intellectually shallow but also factually wrong and infected with personal animosity towards Israel.
Instead of asking serious questions and presenting various views, the magazine quoted biased experts whose level of analysis matched that of an average high school student on TikTok.
With subheaders that don’t require a Ph.D. — such as “Dr. Asher Kaufman: Rebuilding Gaza Will Take Years and Cost Billions, “Professor Best Dawn: Clearing the Rubble in Gaza Alone Will Take Years,” or “Professor Atalia Omer: There Is a Fear That Israel Has Rendered Gaza Uninhabitable” — the piece is an insult to common sense.
But perhaps more importantly, the magazine gave a platform to the historical revisionism of these so-called experts, who didn’t even bother doing their homework on the basic facts of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Take Oxford University anthropologist Professor Dawn Chatty, for example, who falsely claims in the article that Israel implemented military Plan Dalet in 1948 to “clear Palestine of Palestinians,” i.e. ethnic cleansing.
The deliberate misinterpretation of events in 1948 to delegitimize Israel and claim it was born in sin is not new. Historian Benny Morris has categorically debunked the claim that there was a Zionist “plan” to evict Palestinians during the War of Independence. Doesn’t Newsweek employ editors who either know a thing or two about the region’s history or are prepared to do some rudimentary fact-checking?
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-Newsweek asked academics
.@Newsweek asked academics what it would take to rebuild Gaza. Instead, they got historical revisionism & disinformation.
Take @nouraddouha who falsely claims Israel implemented Plan Dalet in 1948 to “clear Palestine of Palestinians,” i.e. ethnic cleansing. 🧵
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-As historian Benny Morris
As historian Benny Morris said: “There was no Zionist ‘plan’ or blanket policy of evicting the Arab population, or of ‘ethnic cleansing.'”
And most Palestinian refugees weren’t forcibly expelled but fled to escape the war.
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-Newsweek asked academics
Related Reading: The Palestinian Refugees: 1948 to Today
When HonestReporting raised these questions on social media, Chatty replied by telling us to “Read Ilan Pappe,” a charlatan who admitted he didn’t care about the truth and whom Benny Morris called “at best… one of the world’s sloppiest historians; at worst, one of the most dishonest.”
Also in the Newsweek article, Chatty spread blatant disinformation by claiming that the Palestinians’ “right of return” is enshrined under international law. She conveniently ignored the fact that United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 of 1948 is not legally binding and there’s nothing in international law guaranteeing a Palestinian right to destroy Israel as a Jewish state demographically.
None of the above is surprising if one takes a quick look at Professor Chatty’s X account (formerly Twitter), which is almost exclusively full of anti-Israeli propaganda, including a post calling to suspend the Jewish state from the United Nations. She also reposted what bona fide antisemite Jake Shields — whom the ADL says “has a history of espousing a range of hateful tropes and narratives including antisemitism, anti-Zionism, the Great Replacement theory, anti-LGBTQ+ rhetoric and more — had to say against Israel in a tweet about the USS Liberty incident:
Dawn Chatty reposts
But Newsweek editors don’t seem to do any background checks on their experts.
They certainly didn’t do any due diligence on Professor Atalia Omer, who shared posts about “Israel’s state violence” and “apartheid.”
And Newsweek had no qualms about quoting her false claim that the ICJ deemed Israel’s actions in Gaza as “plausibly genocidal.”
Sadly, it seems no editor was able to remind her that the former ICJ president said that “[The court] did not decide that the claim of genocide was plausible.”
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-Contrary to what Atalia Omer claims
Contrary to what Atalia Omer claims in @Newsweek, the former ICJ president said:
“The court decided that the Palestinians had a plausible right to be protected from genocide…It then looked at the facts but it did not decide that the claim of genocide was plausible.”
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-Joan Donoghue
And here’s Joan Donoghue, former President of the International Court of Justice, clarifying it on air 👇
HonestReporting-tweet-28January2025-Contrary to what Atalia Omer claims
So what Newsweek gave its readers was nothing more than a superficial mix of biased pseudo-academic analysis and lies.
In fact, the once-respected magazine used the former to mask the latter.
Liked this article? Follow HonestReporting on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok to see even more posts and videos debunking news bias and smears, as well as other content explaining what’s really going on in Israel and the region. Get updates direct to your phone. Join our WhatsApp and Telegram channels!
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A better way to free the Israeli hostages
By Madeline Brooks 20January2025 https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2025/01/a_better_way_to_free_the_israeli_hostages.html
There can be a moral perspective on how one deals with terrorists. Rabbi Manis Friedman says that negotiating with terrorists rewards and encourages them. According to him, it is wrong—indeed, it is definitely immoral—to reward terrorists with commuted prison sentences. Boldness, not bribes, is how one must deal with them, as the Bible instructed millennia ago.
He brings up the daring hostage rescue in 1976 in Entebbe, Uganda. Israeli commandos violated all sorts of international laws and killed the captors of the hostages—but the world celebrated the soldiers anyway because they did not negotiate with terrorists. They did the right thing, states the Rabbi. I would add that the world was also amazed by the boldness and skill of the rescue team. As for more raids in Gaza to free the captives in today’s war, since there were some successful raids, there are reports of suicide bombers surrounding the hostages, cutting short a direct approach.
Suppose your child was kidnapped, Rabbi Friedman ventures. Would you offer the criminals a reward or show them fake compassion to get your child back? No! You would have a right to be outraged. Period. The rabbi has moral clarity. He can call evil evil—and can tolerate knowing that evil exists—unlike many people who try to wish it away or explain it as a misperception or a mere reaction to a bad environment.
Exultant Gaza residents call for the slaughter of the Jews
Image: Exultant Gaza residents call for the slaughter of the Jews. X screen grab.
Ari Abramowitz, in the YouTube video The Israeli Guys, references the Bible on the current Israeli hostage problem. “Do not make covenants with evil people.” No deals, no negotiations. Exodus 23:32-33.
In the Biblical Messianic age, the hope is that all will live in peace and fellowship. But we are not there now, and it is a grave mistake for tender-hearted Jews, beleaguered as they are, to imagine otherwise. Acknowledging the bloodthirsty ways of Hamas, Abramowitz comes up with a novel way to get the hostages back home. Israel has hundreds of prisoners: murderers, rapists, beheaders, etc. All it has to do is make very public announcements in Gaza that every hour, a prisoner will be executed in a public and humiliating way until all the hostages are released. This makes sense to me because it plays to the fact that Israel has the upper hand by dint of its military might, even though, sadly, it is not using it.
And what can Israel do about changing the culture of violent Hamas? Forget curriculum changes in children’s textbooks. The problem is deep-rooted, even spiritual. It goes all the way back to warlike Ismael, Abraham’s illegitimate son.
Abromowitz states that Muslims must be proven wrong through military defeat. As Muslims expand their territory, their conviction grows that their god is strong and favors them. So they have to experience that their god is weaker than the Israeli God to accept defeat. That can happen if Jews totally crush Hamas and take Gaza back again. Here, too, Israel does have the upper hand, but it holds back out of a twisted sense of pity for the enemy.
I would add that the books of Deuteronomy and Joshua command the Israelites as they emerge from the desert to take the land of Canaan, which includes Gaza. The Lord ordered every single inhabitant killed to prevent His people from participating in the Canaanites’ “loathsome” customs. (If this sounds mean, you can argue with God, not me.)
Practically speaking, negotiating with terrorists who vow to return to jihad just as soon as they can makes Israel look dangerously weak, as if it devalues itself, inviting new attacks. The United States demanding negotiations looks weak, too. And for every Jew living in the diaspora, our lives are now even more devalued, more threatened. This can and should change.
Madeline Brooks, M.A., is the former head of the New York chapter of ActforAmerica and is a conservative and counter-jihad writer. Her articles have been published in AmericanThinker.com, CanadaFreePress.com, FamilySecurityMatters.org, and elsewhere. Her book, What You Need To Know About Islamic Jihad: Information The Main Stream Media Is Not Giving You, is available on Scribd. She can be reached at ResistJihad@aol.com.
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The world has failed… again.
Erin Molan-tweet-8February2025-The world has failed again
The world has failed… again.
The reckoning will come… it always does… but what then?
If the Holocaust wasn’t enough to prevent the global ‘buy in’ to October 7 then how the hell will October 7 be enough to stop the next one?
My take on the three hostages just released… and the sh_t show that got us here…
Erin Molan-tweet-8February2025-The world has failed again
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Muslims Murdering Jews since 628 CE
Elder of Ziyon-tweet-6December2024-Muslims are right-It started in 628 CE
Muslims are right. It didn’t start October 7 2023.
It started in 628 CE.
What do you think they mean when they chant “Khaybar Khaybar Ya Yahud?”
Mitzi-tweet-6December2024-Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud
“Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud” is the first verse of an antisemitic chant used to massacre the Jewish population in the Khaybar Oasis of modern-day Saudi Arabia in 628 CE. The full verse is: “Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud, jaish Muhammad soufa ya’oud.” It translates to “Khaybar Khaybar oh Jews, the army of Muhammad will return.”
Elder of Ziyon-tweet-6December2024-Muslims Murdering Jews since 628 CE
“Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud” is the first verse of an antisemitic chant used to massacre the Jewish population in the Khaybar Oasis of modern-day Saudi Arabia in 628 CE. The full verse is: “Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud, jaish Muhammad soufa ya’oud.” It translates to “Khaybar Khaybar oh Jews, the army of Muhammad will return.”
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The list of crimes committed by Muslims against Jews since the 7th century
Ksantini | 9october2023 https://medium.com/@Ksantini/the-list-of-crimes-committed-by-muslims-against-jews-since-the-7th-century-0ff1a8eb0ad0
▪ 622–627: ethnic cleansing of Jews from Mecca and Medina, (Jewish boys were publicly inspected for pubic hair and executed if they had any)
▪ 624: after the victory of Badr, beginning of the elimination of the Jews
▪ 625: expulsion of the Jewish clan of Al Nadir
▪ 626: massacre of the Beni Khazradj Jews and division of families and loot
▪ 626? : expedition against the Jews beni Qoraizha, insulted by Mohammed: “O you, monkeys and pigs…”
▪ 626? : massacre of 700 Beni Qoraïzha Jews, bound for three days, then slaughtered above a ditch, with the young boys
▪ 626: murder of the Jew Kab, leader of the Beni Nadhir and satirist poet, and of his wife who had made fun of Mohammed
▪ 626: expedition against the Jews of Kaihbar
▪ 626: murder on the orders of Muhammad of the Jew Sallam abu Rafi
▪ 626: Mohammed had the palm trees of the Jewish oasis Beni Nadhir cut down
▪ 627: elimination of the Jewish Qurayza clan in Medina
▪ 627: massacre of the Jews of Medina; sharing of families and property
▪ 628? : attack on the Jews of Khaibar, and torture of prisoners
▪ 628? : taking of the Jewish oasis of Fadak as Mohammed’s personal property
▪ 628: submission of the Jews of Wadil Qora
▪ 628: Mohammed to the Jews beni Qainoqa: “if you do not embrace Islam, I declare war on
you”
▪ 629: first massacres in Alexandria, Egypt
▪ 622–634: extermination of the 14 Arab Jewish tribes
▪ 630: submission of the Jews and Christians of Makna, Eilat, Jerba
▪ 638: expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem
▪ 640: expulsion of Jews from Hedjez
▪ 643: expulsion of the Jews from Khaibar by Omar
▪ 822–861: the Islamic empire adopts a law requiring Jews to wear yellow stars (a bit like
Nazi Germany), caliph al-Mutawakkil
▪ 940: beheading of the Jewish exilarch of Baghdad for having sullied the name of Mohammed
▪ 945: assassination by a crowd of fanatics of the last Jewish exilarch of Baghdad
▪ 948: closure of the Jewish theological school of Baghdad “Sora”
▪ 1004: Jews and Christians must wear a black turban and sash in Egypt
▪ 1009: Jews and Christians in Egypt must wear a cross or bells in the baths
▪ 1009: destruction of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem by the Fatimids
▪ 1010–1013: start of massacre of hundreds of Jews around Cordoba
▪ 1016: Jews are persecuted and driven out of Kairouan
▪ 1010: persecution of Christians, Jews and Sunnis by the Fatimid caliph Al Hakim
▪ 1032: 5 to 6,000 Jews killed in a riot in Fez and expulsion of survivors
▪ 1040: beheading of the Jewish theologian Gaon Chizkiya, head of a Talmudic school
▪ 1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakech decrees the death penalty for any local Jew, including his Jewish doctor, and his military general.
▪ 1148: the Almohads of Morocco give Jews the choice of converting to Islam or being expelled
▪ 1057: capture and pillage of Kairouan by the Hilalian tribes; expulsion of Jews and certain Muslims
▪ 1066: Massacre of thousands of Jews in Granada in Muslim-occupied Spain
▪ 1073: start of persecution against Jews and Christians by the Turks in Jerusalem
▪ 1127: in Morocco, after the failure of the prophetic movement of the Jewish messiah Moshe Dhery, wave of persecutions and forced conversions
▪ 1142: start of persecution against the Jews by the Almohads; massacre in Tlemcen, Bougie, Oran
▪ 1145: the Jews of Tunis must choose between conversion and exile
▪ 1146: capture of Meknes by the Almohads; persecution of the Jews
▪ 1147: capture of Tlemcen by the Almohads; persecution of the Jews
▪ 1147: Almohad invasion of Spain: expulsion of Jews or forced conversions
▪ 1147: capture of Marrakech by the Almohads; persecution of the Jews
▪ 1147: start of Almohad persecutions against the Jews of North Africa
▪ 1148: start of the exodus of Maimonides fleeing the intolerance of the Almohads
▪ 1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam or being expelled.
▪ 1152: advent of Abd el Moumin in Morocco; choice for Christians and Jews between conversion or death
▪ 1159: controversy between Maimonides and the rabbi of Fez on the attitude towards forcible converts
▪ 1160: capture of Ifriqiya by the Moroccans of Abd el Moumen; Jews and Christians must choose between death and conversion; Jews are converted by force and superficially.
▪ 1165–1178: Yemen: Jews throughout the country were given the choice (under the new constitution) to convert to Islam or die
▪ 1165: chief rabbi of the Maghreb burned alive. The Rambam fled to Egypt.
▪ 1165: flight of Maimonides to Egypt to escape the Almohads
▪ 1171: in Egypt, decree recalling obedience to ordinances concerning the submission of Jewish and Christian infidels under penalty of death
▪ 1184: the Almohads impose distinctive signs on Christians and Jews in Spain
▪ 1198: forced conversion of the Jews of Aden
▪ 1220: tens of thousands of Jews killed by Muslims after being blamed for the Mongol invasion, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Egypt
▪ 1232: massacre of the Jews of Marrakech
▪ 1266: the tomb of the Patriarchs of Hebron is converted into a mosque and closed to Jews and Christians
▪ 1267: Mamluk Sultan Baybars forbids Jews from entering the vault of the Patriarchs in Hebron; the ban ended exactly five centuries later in 1967
▪ 1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolved to burn all the Jews, a ditch having been dug for this purpose; but at the last moment he repented and instead demanded a heavy tribute, in which many perished.
▪ 1270: widespread segregation of Jews in Andalusia
▪ 1276: 2nd pogrom of Fez, Morocco
▪ 1284: In Baghdad, the Jewish doctor Ibn Kammuna died locked in a trunk after writing “a book in which he showed irreverence towards the prophecies”; he escapes a lynching and is threatened with the stake
▪ 1291: death of the converted Jew Sad al Dawla, grand vizier of Argun Khan in Iran, a rank which provoked the anger of the Muslim court
▪ 1291: forced conversion of the Jews of Tabriz in Persia
▪ 1301: start of the persecution of the Jews in Egypt
▪ 1318: beheading of Rashid aldin Tabid, historian and Persian minister, Jewish convert who provoked the anger of Muslim elites
▪ 1318: forced conversion of the Jews of Tabriz in Persia
▪ 1333: forced conversion of the Jews of Baghdad
▪ 1333: the traveler Ibn Battuta complains that Djenkchi Khan djagataï allows Jews and Christians to repair their places of worship
▪ 1334: forced conversion of the Jews of Baghdad
▪ 1344: forced conversion of the Jews of Baghdad
▪ 1351: trial of Jews (in Cairo?) accused of desecration, who must choose between conversion or death
▪ 1385 : Massacres du Khorasan, Iran
▪ 1390: foundation of the first Jewish ghetto in Fez
▪ 1391: in Morocco, persecution of Jews from Spain
▪ 1438: creation of ghettos for Jews in the cities of Morocco, under the name “mellah”
▪ 1438: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
▪ 1448: in Egypt, decree recalling obedience to ordinances concerning the submission of Jewish and Christian infidels under penalty of death
▪ 1450: trial of Jews accused of having written the name of Mohammed in their synagogue in Fustat; they are converted by force
▪ 1465: In Fez, pogroms after the discovery in the Jewish quarter of the tomb of the city’s founder, a descendant of Mohammed…; Jews are forced to move to the ghetto (11 Jews left alive)
▪ 1492: Jewish community of Touat in Morocco is massacred; synagogues destroyed
▪ 1516: Algerian Jews receive the official status of dhimmi from the Ottomans; certain colors are forbidden to them (red and green); they are not allowed to ride horses or carry weapons; they must pay the discriminatory tax; their representative is ritually slapped during the delivery of tribute to the authorities
▪ 1517: 1st pogrom in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
▪ 1517: 1st pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
▪ Massacre of Marsa ibn Ghazi, Ottoman Libya
▪ 1521: expulsion of Jews from Belgrade by the Ottomans
▪ 1524: expulsion of Jews from Buda in Hungary by the Ottomans
▪ 1535: pogrom then expulsion of Jews from Tunisia
▪ 1554: looting and persecution against the Jewish population of Marrakech by the Turks who took the city
▪ 1574: civil war in Morocco between three claimants; Jews are victims of all camps
▪ 1577: Passover massacre, Ottoman Empire
▪ 1588–1629 : pogroms of Mahalay, Iran
▪ 1604: start of a period of famine, violence and forced conversions of the Jewish population of Fez: 2000 conversions in 2 years
▪ 1608: persecution for two years of the Jews of Taroudat by the Berbers
▪ 1622: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia
▪ 1630–1700: Yemenite Jews were considered “impure” and therefore forbidden to touch a Muslim or a Muslim’s food. They were obliged to humble themselves before a Muslim, walk on the left side and greet him first. They could not build houses taller than those of a Muslim or ride a camel or horse, and when riding a mule or donkey, they had to sit on the side. When entering the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his shoes and walk barefoot. If attacked with stones or fists by Muslim youths, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself.
▪ 1650: Jews from Tunisia are deported to special neighborhoods called “hara”
▪ 1650: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia, under Shah Abbas II
▪ 1656: Jews expelled from Isfahan in Iran
▪ 1660: 2 pogroms in Safed and Tiberias, Ottoman Palestine
▪ 1670: Expulsion of Mawza, Yemen
▪ 1676: expulsion of Jews from Sanaa in Yemen
▪ 1678: forced conversion of Jews in Yemen
▪ 1679–1680: Sanaa massacres, Yemen
▪ 1700: massacre of Jews in Yemen
▪ 1747 : Massacres de Mashhad, Iran
▪ 1758: executions of a Jew and an Armenian in Constantinople for violation of the legislation on the clothing of infidels
▪ 1770: expulsion of Jews from Jeddah in Arabia
▪ 1785 : Tripoli Porom, Libya ottomane
▪ 1790–92: Pogrom of Tetouan. Morocco (Jews of Tetouan undressed and lined up)
▪ 1790: destruction of most of the Jewish communities in Morocco
▪ 1800: new decree adopted in Yemen, prohibiting Jews from wearing new or good clothes. Jews were forbidden to ride mules or donkeys, and were sometimes rounded up for long, naked marches through the Roob al Khali desert.
▪ 1805: 1st pogrom in Ottoman Algeria against the Jews of Algiers after a famine. French
consul Dubois-Thainville saves 200 Jews by sheltering them in his consulate.
▪ 1805: exile of Jews from Algiers to Tunis and Livorno
▪ 1805, the leader of the Jewish Nation of Algiers, Naphthalie Busnach, is killed while riots ravage the neighborhoods.
▪ 1806: expulsion by fatwa of the Jews of Sali in Morocco
▪ 1806: ban on Moroccan Jews wearing Western clothing
▪ 1806: the janissaries of the dey of Algiers massacre and pillage in the Jewish quarter
▪ 1807: expulsion of Jews from Tetouan
▪ 1808: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
▪ 1815, the chief rabbi of Algiers, Isaac Aboulker, is beheaded during a riot.
▪ 1815: the Jews of Algiers are forced to fight against an invasion of locusts
▪ 1815: 2nd pogrom of Algiers, Ottoman Algeria
▪ 1816: in Algeria, ban on carrying weapons for Jews and Christians
▪ 1820: Massacres of Sahalu Lobiant, Ottoman Syria
▪ 1828 : pogrom de Baghdad, Iraq ottoman
▪ 1830: 3rd pogrom of Algeria, Ottoman Algeria
▪ 1830: start of the persecution of Jews in Persia, caused by the Russian advance in the Caucasus
▪ 1830: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran
▪ 1834: 2nd pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
▪ 1834 : Pogrom de Safed, Palestine ottomane
▪ 1838: Druze attack in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
▪ 1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran
▪ 1839: forced conversion of surviving Jews from Mashadi
▪ 1839: campaign of forced conversions of Iranian Jews
▪ 1840: persecution of the Jews of Damascus; ritual murder case
▪ 1840: forced conversion of the Jews of Mashadi
▪ 1841: massive murders of Jews in Morocco; the sultan is obliged to consider the Jews as his personal property, which helps to protect them
▪ 1840: Damascus, ritual murders (French Muslims and Christians kidnapped, tortured and killed Jewish children for entertainment), Ottoman Syria
▪ 1844: 1st Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Liban ottoman
▪ 1847: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine
▪ 1848: 1st pogrom of Damascus, Syria
▪ 1848: total disappearance of the Jews of Mashhad
▪ 1850: 1st pogrom of Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
▪ 1854: anti-Jewish pogrom in Demnate, Morocco
▪ 1857: beheading in Tunis of the Jewish coachman Batou Sfez, accused of blasphemy, while he was drunk
▪ 1860: 2nd pogrom of Damascus, Ottoman Syria
▪ 1862: 1st pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
▪ 1866 : pogrom at Kuzguncuk, Turquie Ottomane
▪ 1867: Barfurush massacre, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1868: Eyub Pogrom, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1869: Massacre of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
▪ 1869: Massacre of Sfax, Ottoman Tunisia
▪ 1864–1880: Marrakech massacre, Morocco
▪ 1870: 2nd Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1870: 1st pogrom in Istanbul, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1871: 1st Damanhur massacres, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1872: Massacres in Edirne, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1872: 1st pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1873: 2nd massacre of Damanhur, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1874: 2nd pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1874: 2nd pogrom of Istanbul, Ottoman Türkiye
▪ 1874: 2nd pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
▪ 1875: 2 pogroms in Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
▪ 1875: Massacre on the island of Djerba, Ottoman Tunisia
▪ 1877 : 3e massacre de Damanhur, Egypte ottomane
▪ 1877: Pogrom of Mansura, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1882: Massacre of Homs, Ottoman Syria
▪ 1882: 3rd massacre of Alexandria, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1889: after the funeral of a rabbi, deemed too discreet, the Jewish cemetery of Baghdad was confiscated
▪ 1889: looting of the Jewish quarter of Baghdad
▪ 1890: 2nd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1890, 3e pogrom de Damas, Syrie ottomane
▪ 1891: 4th massacre of Damanahur, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1897: murders in Tripoli, Ottoman Libya
▪ 1903&1907: Taza & Settat, pogroms, Morocco
▪ 1890: Massacres of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
▪ 1901–1902: 3rd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1901–1907: 4th Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1903: 1st Port Said massacres, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1903–1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco
▪ 1904: massacre of Jews in Yemen
▪ 1907: Casablanca, pogrom, Morocco
▪ 1908: 2nd Port Said massacre, Ottoman Egypt
▪ 1909: comment from the British vice-consul of Mosul: “The attitude of Muslims towards Christians and Jews is that of a master towards his slaves.”
▪ 1910: blood libel of Shiraz
▪ 1911: Shiraz pogrom
▪ 1912: 4th Fez, Pogrom, Morocco
▪ 1914: expulsion of Jews from Palestine old enough to bear arms by the Ottomans
▪ 1917: Jewish Inquisition of Baghdadi, Ottoman Empire
▪ 1918–1948: adoption of a law prohibiting the raising of a Jewish orphan, Yemen
▪ 1920: Irbid massacres: British mandate in Palestine
▪ 1920–1930: Arab riots, British Mandate Palestine
▪ 1921: 1st Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
▪ 1922: Massacres of Djerba, Tunisia
▪ 1922: law of forced conversion of orphans in Yemen, concerning Jews including as adults
▪ 1927: 60 Jews killed by Arabs in the Mellah of Casablanca Morocco
▪ 1928: Massacres of Ikhwan, in Egypt and under British mandate in Palestine.
▪ 1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by the Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen
▪ 1929: anti-Jewish riots, British mandate: in August 1929, the Jews demanded the construction of the Western Wall; pogroms in Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed. To stop the violence, the British reject this request
▪ 1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom under British Mandate Palestine.
▪ 1929 3e pogrom de Safed, mandate britannique Palestine.
▪ 1933: 2nd Jaffa riots, British mandate in Palestine.
▪ 1934: Anti-Jewish pogrom in Constantine Algeria. 200 Jewish stores were raided, the total material damage was estimated at more than 150 million francs. It also sent a quarter of Constantine’s Jewish population into poverty.
▪ 1934: Pogroms in Thrace, Türkiye
▪ 1934: 1st massacres in Farhud, Iraq
▪ 1936: 3rd Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
▪ 1936: 2e massacre of Farhud, Irak
▪ 1938: boycott of Jews in Egypt
▪ 1939: discovery of 3 bombs in synagogues in Cairo
▪ 1941 : 3e massacre de Farhud, Iraq
▪ 1941: persecution of Jews in Libya
▪ 1941: massacre of Jews in Baghdad, with the support of the authorities: approx. 170 dead
▪ 1942: collaboration of the mufti with the Nazis. Plays a role in the final solution
▪ 1942: Struma disaster, Türkiye
▪ 1942: Nile Delta pogroms, Egypt
▪ 1938–1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis
▪ 1942: discriminatory tax law of Varlik Vergisi in Turkey against Jews and Christians
▪ 1942: looting of Jewish property in Benghazi and deportation to the desert
▪ 1944: attack on the Jewish quarter of Damascus
▪ 1945: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian riots in Egypt; churches and synagogues destroyed
▪ 1945: 4th Cairo massacre, Egypt
▪ 1945: Pogrom of Tripoli, Libya
▪ 1947: segregation measures against Jews in Egypt
▪ 1947: pogrom in Libya; approx. 130 dead
▪ 1947 : Pogroms d’Aden au Yemen
▪ 1947: 3rd pogrom d’Alep, Syrie
▪ 1948: “emptying” of the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria
▪ 1948: 1st Arab-Israeli war (1 Jew killed in 100)
▪ 1948 : Oujda & Jerada Pogroms, Morocco
▪ 1948: 1st Libyan Inquisition of the Jews
▪ 1948: attacks by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood against Jewish traders
▪ 1950: massive departure of Jews from Arab countries
▪ 1951: 2nd Libyan Inquisition of the Jews
▪ 1952: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian pogroms in Suez
▪ 1954: assassinations and attacks in Algeria affecting the Jewish community, the desecration and destruction of 30 synagogues are attributed to Muslim populations.
▪ The desecration in 1960 of the synagogue of Algiers as well as the cemetery of Oran,
▪ 1954: Massacre of Sidi Kacem. 6 Jews were beaten and then burned alive with their children.
▪ 1955: anti-Jewish and Christian riots in Türkiye; looting of churches and Jewish stores
▪ 1955: attack on the rabbi of Batna,
▪ 1956: fire in a synagogue in Oran,
▪ 1956: in response to the attack on Suez, Nasser expels almost all Jews from Egypt, around 90,000 people, and confiscates their property
▪ 1957: murder of the rabbi of Nedroma,
▪ 1957: murder of the rabbi of Médéa,
▪ 1957–1962: attacks in the Jewish neighborhoods of Oran and Constantine.
▪ 1961: grenade thrown into a synagogue in Boghari, Bousaada,
▪ 1961: ransacking of the Casbah synagogue in Algiers,
▪ September 2, 1961, the assassination of a Jewish hairdresser in Oran and anti-Jewish attacks
▪ 1955 : 3rd pogrom d’Istanbul, Turkey
▪ 1955: anti-Jewish riots in Izmir
▪ 1956: 1st Egyptian Inquisition of the Jews
▪ 1956: in response to the attack on Suez, Nasser expels tens of thousands of Jews and confiscates their property
▪ 1960: a Saudi newspaper describes Eichmann: “the man who can be proud of having killed five million Jews”
▪ 1961: in Algeria, assassination of Jewish musician Sheik Raymond
▪ 1962: desecration of the Jewish cemetery of Oran
▪ 1962 : pogrom d’Oran
▪ July 5, 1962, a few days after the independence of Algeria, between 900 and 1,300 Europeans, notably Jews, were massacred in Oran.
▪ 1964: the Egyptian army weekly notes: “In essence, the Jew has no qualifications to bear arms.”
▪ 1965: the Egyptian military manual presents the war against Israel as a jihad and quotes the Koran: “kill them wherever you reach them”
▪ 1965: wave of anti-Semitism in Algeria; flight of the Jewish community
▪ 1965: pogrom in Aden
▪ 1965: 5th pogrom in Fez, Morocco
▪ 1967: 2nd Egyptian Inquisition of the Jews
▪ 1967: Egyptian Jews are herded into camps during the Six Day War
▪ 1967: pogrom in Libya during the Six Day War
▪ 1967: pogroms in Tunisia
▪ 1967: the World Islamic Congress in Amman declares that Jews living in Arab countries must be considered “mortal enemies”
▪ 1967: pogrom in Aden
▪ 1967: arson of the great synagogue of Tunis
▪ 1967: riots in Tunis, Tunisia
▪ 1967: World Islamic Congress in Jordan; it was decided that all Muslim governments must treat Jews “as mortal enemies”.
▪ 1967: publication in Egypt of the anti-Semitic text “The Protocol of the Elders of Zion”
▪ 1967: pogrom and looting of Jewish stores in Tunisia
▪ 1969: Khomeini delivers thirteen speeches in Najaf which will be the basis of his book “The
Islamic Government”; he develops the theme of hatred of Jews, accused of conspiring against Islam everywhere
▪ 1969: execution of Jews in Baghdad
▪ 1970: flight SR-330 Zurich — Tel Aviv crashes in a forest near Würenlingen, killing all 47 occupants. A bomb planted by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine exploded 9 minutes after takeoff
▪ 1979: start of the flight of 200,000 Iranian Jews after the Islamist revolution.
Strangely, Palestinians have historically never been involved in any massacre of Jews — because they never existed before the 1960s.
Research by JP Grumberg
Originally published on June 30, 2022 & Updated on July 20, 2023
Translated to English by XR Ksantini
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Nakba of Germans in Prussia not just Palestinians.The Potsdam Conference Agreement. Where are the keys to houses in Breslau?
John Gallagher-tweet-29January2025-By international law Palestinians committing admitted genocide on 7October2023
FAFO MF’S. By international law Palestinians committing admitted genocide on 10/7/23 & who still holding illegally abducted innocent civilians women & children hostages “shall be punished”/”are punishable” offenses. There is no home in Gaza. Following WWII, 12 million Germans were expelled from east-central Europe.
By International law Palestinians committing admitted genocide on 7October2023
Van Wallach-tweet-29January2025-Nakba of Germans in Prussia
Thank you for the rarely mentioned “nakba” of Germans in Prussia and other territories. Nobody’s protesting for them to regain their lands, not that I can see. Where are the keys to houses in Breslau? This was FAFO on a grand scale.
Van Wallach-tweet-29January2025-Nakba of Germans in Prussia
SpikeSteel-tweet-29January2025-After WW2-Czechoslovakia deported 2.5 million Sudeten Germans
Too bad. After WW2, Czechoslovakia deported 2.5 million Sudeten Germans who where there prior to WW2 as part of the Potsdam Agreement. Make no effort to help rebuild and the problem will take care of itself.
SpikeSteel-tweet-29January2025-After WW2-Czechoslovakia deported 2.5 million Sudeten Germans
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Potsdam Conference
World War II
Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: Dec 28, 2024 • Article History https://www.britannica.com/event/Potsdam-Conference
Potsdam Conference, (July 17–August 2, 1945), Allied conference of World War II held at Potsdam, a suburb of Berlin. The chief participants were U.S. President Harry S. Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (or Clement Attlee, who became prime minister during the conference), and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin.
The conferees discussed the substance and procedures of the peace settlements in Europe but did not attempt to write peace treaties. That task was left to a Council of Foreign Ministers. The chief concerns of the Big Three, their foreign ministers, and their staffs were the immediate administration of defeated Germany, the demarcation of the boundaries of Poland, the occupation of Austria, the definition of the Soviet Union’s role in eastern Europe, the determination of reparations, and the further prosecution of the war against Japan. The amity and good will that had largely characterized former wartime conferences was missing at Potsdam, for each nation was most concerned with its own self-interest, and Churchill particularly was suspicious of Stalin’s motives and unyielding position.
The Potsdam Conference’s Declaration on Germany stated, “It is the intention of the Allies that the German people be given the opportunity to prepare for the eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and peaceful basis.” The four occupation zones of Germany conceived at the Yalta Conference were set up, each to be administered by the commander-in-chief of the Soviet, British, U.S., or French army of occupation. Berlin, Vienna, and Austria were also each divided into four occupation zones. An Allied Control Council made up of representatives of the four Allies was to deal with matters affecting Germany and Austria as a whole. Its policies were dictated by the “five Ds” decided upon at Yalta: demilitarization, denazification, democratization, decentralization, and deindustrialization. Each Allied power was to seize reparations from its own occupation zones, although the Soviet Union was permitted 10–15 percent of the industrial equipment in the western zones of Germany in exchange for agricultural and other natural products from its zone.
Poland’s boundary became the Oder and Neisse rivers in the west, and the country received part of former East Prussia. This necessitated moving millions of Germans in those areas to Germany. The governments of Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria were already controlled by communists, and Stalin was adamant in refusing to let the Allies interfere in eastern Europe. While in Potsdam, Truman told Stalin about the United States’ “new weapon” (the atomic bomb) that it intended to use against Japan. On July 26 an ultimatum was issued from the conference to Japan demanding unconditional surrender and threatening heavier air attacks otherwise. After Japan had rejected this ultimatum, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The protocols of the Potsdam Conference suggested continued harmony among the Allies, but the deeply conflicting aims of the Western democracies on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other in fact meant that Potsdam was to be the last Allied summit conference.
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